摘要：民族振興靠教育, 教育成敗靠教師。教育教學(xué)工作的成效受外界環(huán)境和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)等諸多因素的影響, 其中教師的整體素質(zhì)及合理的素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)占其重要的位置。江澤民同志提出: "高素質(zhì)的教師隊(duì)伍,是高質(zhì)量教育的一個(gè)基本條件。"有調(diào)查顯示，幼兒教師整體素質(zhì)存在的突出問(wèn)題是缺乏堅(jiān)定的職業(yè)理想和高尚的職業(yè)道德; 知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理,學(xué)歷證明含有水份; 教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足, 基本功欠扎實(shí)。同時(shí),調(diào)查也顯示幼兒教師和學(xué)前教育專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生對(duì)科技報(bào)道興趣不大, 參與科技活動(dòng)較少。幼兒園教師在對(duì)科學(xué)本質(zhì)和科學(xué)精神的認(rèn)識(shí)上存在缺陷。因此,通過(guò)加強(qiáng)職業(yè)道德教育和學(xué)習(xí), 樹(shù)立終身學(xué)習(xí)的觀(guān)念，全面接受基本技能的培訓(xùn)，支持師資薄弱學(xué)校的建設(shè)等手段來(lái)提高幼兒教師整體素質(zhì)，建議加強(qiáng)學(xué)前教育師資科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng), 營(yíng)造全社會(huì)關(guān)注幼兒教育的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步, 熱愛(ài)幼兒教育事業(yè)，全面提升幼兒教師的整體素質(zhì)十分重要，方法的探討也具研究性。

　　關(guān)鍵詞：幼兒園教師；整體素質(zhì)；素質(zhì)提升

　　Abstract: national development depends on education, education on teachers. The work of education and teaching effect by the external environment and internal structure of the influence of many factors, including the overall quality of teachers and reasonable quality structure of its important position. Comrade Jiang Zemin put forward: "high quality teachers, is one of the basic conditions for high quality education." Investigation shows, the overall quality of teachers in early childhood education problems is the lack of strong occupation ideal and noble occupation morality; unreasonable knowledge structure, academic certificates containing water; the lack of teaching experiences, less solid basic skills. At the same time, the survey also showed that students majoring in preschool teacher education and preschool education not for science and technology reported interest in science and technology, less activity. Kindergarten teachers have defects in understanding of the nature of science and scientific spirit. Therefore, by strengthening occupation moral education and learning, life-long learning, fully accept the basic skills training, support teachers school building and other means to improve the overall quality of teachers, increase literacy education preschool teachers of science, to create a whole society pays close attention to preschool education development and progress, love the cause of early childhood education, improving the whole quality of teachers is very important, is also the research method of.

　　Keywords: kindergarten teachers; quality; quality improvement.

　　一、幼兒教師隊(duì)伍存在的問(wèn)題

　　改革開(kāi)放以來(lái), 為了適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要, 我國(guó)教育事業(yè)進(jìn)入了蓬勃發(fā)展的階段。國(guó)家通過(guò)大力發(fā)展師范教育和舉辦各種規(guī)格和形式的培訓(xùn), 使一大批幼兒教師充實(shí)到教學(xué)第一線(xiàn)。盡管一部人在教學(xué)實(shí)踐的過(guò)程中迅速成長(zhǎng)起來(lái), 但就總體情況來(lái)看, 他們還不夠"精",其素質(zhì)亟待提高。具體表現(xiàn)為以下幾個(gè)方面。

　�。ㄒ唬┤狈�堅(jiān)定的職業(yè)理想和高尚的職業(yè)道德

　　由于受社會(huì)大環(huán)境特別是教育商業(yè)化和政府投入不足的影響, 幼兒教師的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬低于其勞動(dòng)價(jià)值; 行業(yè)間的收入差距增大, 造成了教師經(jīng)濟(jì)地位下降, 心理失衡, 積極性不高, 責(zé)任心不強(qiáng)和隊(duì)伍渙散等現(xiàn)象。而教師和教育單位為了謀求經(jīng)濟(jì)利益, 又反過(guò)來(lái)降低了教師職業(yè)威信和社會(huì)的地位。

　　（二）知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理, 學(xué)歷證明含有水份

　　一定的學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)對(duì)于一個(gè)教師十分重要, 但教師的學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)與教學(xué)效果并不成正比。教師職業(yè)的特殊性還需要從業(yè)者具備一定的專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí), 即教育學(xué)和心理學(xué)方面的理論。這正是幼兒教師所缺乏的。此外, 一個(gè)高素質(zhì)的教師還必須具備廣博的相關(guān)學(xué)科知識(shí)。這一方面, 也是幼兒教師待以充實(shí)的。

　�。ㄈ�）教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足, 基本功欠扎實(shí)

　　教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是一個(gè)多層次的復(fù)合體, 體現(xiàn)為相應(yīng)的能力素質(zhì), 并最終外化為一定的教學(xué)行為和教學(xué)效果。能力素質(zhì)較高和高、教學(xué)行為科學(xué)合理和富有創(chuàng)造性、教學(xué)效果較好和尤佳, 是評(píng)定優(yōu)秀教師和特級(jí)教師的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　�。ㄋ模┣嗄杲處熕刭|(zhì)不平衡現(xiàn)象制約著其整體素質(zhì)的提高

　　農(nóng)村地區(qū), 特別是老、少、邊、山、窮地區(qū)幼兒教師的素質(zhì)比城鎮(zhèn)的要低一些; 發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)幼兒教師的素質(zhì)要優(yōu)于落后地區(qū)的; 重點(diǎn)學(xué)校和示范學(xué)校幼兒教師的素質(zhì)要高于普通和一般學(xué)校的; "長(zhǎng)線(xiàn)"學(xué)科幼兒教師的素質(zhì)要強(qiáng)于"短線(xiàn)"學(xué)科的。造成教師分化不公平的原因是多方面的。幼兒教師面臨諸多壓力, 其價(jià)值取向也具有鮮明的時(shí)代特色。