摘要
幼兒的生活應(yīng)該是生動(dòng)、活潑、有趣的,可是,現(xiàn)在的許多幼兒,特別是城市里的幼兒很少與同齡人盡情玩耍、自由交往的機(jī)會(huì)?旃(jié)奏的生活帶給幼兒更多的是和電視為伴,和"高、新、尖"的玩具為伴,而各種區(qū)域環(huán)境的創(chuàng)設(shè)正好可以彌補(bǔ)這一缺陷,可以讓幼兒在幼兒園的生活中真切地感受到生活的生動(dòng)和同伴之間游戲的快樂(lè)。同時(shí),幼兒通過(guò)自身的活動(dòng)和游戲產(chǎn)生對(duì)自己能力的一種認(rèn)識(shí)何評(píng)價(jià)。幼兒園的區(qū)域活動(dòng)屬于小組活動(dòng)的形式,為幼兒提供了豐富的學(xué)習(xí)和游戲經(jīng)驗(yàn),在活動(dòng)中選擇適合自己的材料、玩具和工具,更多地按照自己的興趣和能力來(lái)選擇活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容和游戲的種類,在沒(méi)有壓力的環(huán)境中自主學(xué)習(xí)、探索和游戲,使他們獲得了更多的與同伴交往的機(jī)會(huì),是同伴之間相互了解,也獲得了更多在同伴面前表現(xiàn)自己、顯示自己的機(jī)會(huì)。區(qū)域活動(dòng)也增加了教師直接接觸了解幼兒、與幼兒交往的機(jī)會(huì),幼兒也能更多的感受到教師的關(guān)注。因而區(qū)域活動(dòng)環(huán)境創(chuàng)設(shè)對(duì)幼兒是非常重要的。
本研究在梳理國(guó)內(nèi)外班級(jí)教育環(huán)境及幼兒園教育環(huán)境相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,選取N幼兒園的小班區(qū)域活動(dòng)環(huán)境創(chuàng)設(shè)作為研究對(duì)象來(lái)探討現(xiàn)在存在的問(wèn)題,以及我對(duì)此提出的建議
關(guān)鍵詞:區(qū)域活動(dòng)環(huán)境創(chuàng)設(shè)、區(qū)域布局、師幼互動(dòng)
Abstract
Young children's life should be vivid, lively and interesting, but now many of the children, especially the young children in the city seldom chance to communicate with peers play, free. The fast pace of life bring more children and television company, and "high, new, sharp" toy company, and various regional environment creation can compensate for this defect, can let the children in kindergarten life really feel life is vivid and the joy of the game between partners. At the same time, the children through their own activities and games have an understanding of their ability to comment. Kindergarten regional activity belongs to the form of group activities, provides children with rich experience in learning and game, in the activities to select suitable materials, toys and tools, more according to their interests and ability to choose the kind of content and game activities, in a no pressure environment of autonomous learning, exploration and game, to make them have more opportunity to communicate with peers, is a mutual understanding between partners, also have more performance, show yourself in front of peers. Regional activities also increased the teacher direct contact with the understanding of young children, and children interaction, children can more feel the teacher's attention. Thus regional activity environment created for young children is very important.
Comb this study in class education and preschool education environment at home and abroad, on the basis of relevant research results, select N kindergarten activity environment creating small area as the research object to explore existing problems now, and I to this suggestion
Key words:The creation of regional activities environment;Regional distribution;teacher and children interact.
1.研究背景
創(chuàng)設(shè)良好的教育環(huán)境,促進(jìn)幼兒全面發(fā)展,是幼兒園教育的一項(xiàng)基本原則,也是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的任務(wù)。我國(guó)著名教育家陳鶴琴先生認(rèn)為:"怎樣的環(huán)境,就得到怎樣的刺激,得到怎樣的印象。"皮亞杰認(rèn)知理論也認(rèn)為:"幼兒是在與環(huán)境的相互作用中主動(dòng)發(fā)展起來(lái)的。"《幼兒園教育指導(dǎo)綱要》(試行)中也明確指出:幼兒園應(yīng)該為幼兒提供健康、豐富的生活和活動(dòng)環(huán)境,滿足他們多方面發(fā)展的需求,使他們?cè)诳鞓?lè)的童年生活中獲得有益身心發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
今天的幼兒教育已經(jīng)走向開(kāi)放的教育。時(shí)間、空間、教材、結(jié)構(gòu)的開(kāi)放、完整幼兒的培養(yǎng)、整合教育的出現(xiàn)、游戲化、生活化的課程模式等等,都提倡為幼兒提供開(kāi)放、豐富而且多樣的環(huán)境,允許幼兒自由選擇、自主學(xué)習(xí),于是區(qū)域活動(dòng)便在幼兒園廣泛地開(kāi)展起來(lái),并獲得幼兒教師及孩子們的喜愛(ài)。
我園從95年開(kāi)始就進(jìn)行了區(qū)域活動(dòng)的初步嘗試,隨著區(qū)域活動(dòng)的逐步開(kāi)展,我們認(rèn)識(shí)到:區(qū)域活動(dòng)與集體活動(dòng)相比,教師的主導(dǎo)作用變得隱性,目標(biāo)隱含在環(huán)境和材料之中。幼兒的主體性變得明顯,通過(guò)與環(huán)境和材料的互動(dòng)、感知來(lái)積累知識(shí)技能和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)。顯然,環(huán)境在區(qū)域活動(dòng)中占有舉足輕重的地位。因而,探索如何根據(jù)本園的實(shí)際情況在區(qū)域活動(dòng)中創(chuàng)設(shè)適宜幼兒發(fā)展的、具有開(kāi)放性的環(huán)境,體現(xiàn)園本特色,使其發(fā)揮環(huán)境的潛移默化的教育功用,激發(fā)幼兒的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,為每一個(gè)孩子提供活動(dòng)的條件和表現(xiàn)自己的機(jī)會(huì),對(duì)幼兒全面發(fā)展具有重要的意義。